Mary Farnham Diary, 1862-1863 tranScriptorium TRP document creator: chris.burns@uvm.edu

WILBUR COLLECTION UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT LIBRARY Roswell Farnham Papers carton 20, diary #3 Mary Elizabeth Johnson Farnham 1862-63

Near Fairfax Court House Virginia Dec. 21st. 1862 Sunday. My Dear Sister Hattie. You see I have changed locations since I last wrote. It does not take much time to travel in these days, unless you depend on Virginia conveyances. I left Charleson Mass. one week ago last Thursday at 8'oclock at night for Washington. When I started I could not find Lieut Gibson - but soon he made his appearance, but soon he made his appearance. Yet by that time I had made the acquaintance of an old Gentleman & Lady who were going to New York. I was to meet Mrs. Ormsby at Springfield as we were going together - It was 12 o'clock when we reached Springfield so I had plenty of company - We reached New York at 5 o'clock in the morning went im mediately to the Wharf where we looked about for our checks. We obtained them at last and crossed over to Jersey City - which by the way is not much of a city. I should judge from what I saw of it, and it was seven o clock before we left the city, and daylight found us looking rather blasé being broken of our rest, But I tried to keep awake and see what there was to be seen. Yet one is not much of a judge of a place seen from the cars. Trenton I have quite a favorable opinion of as any city I passed through. Philadelphia we rode through in Horse cars. The streets are very broad, but there was no business

Not twenty persons were to be seen about the market as we passed, and very few ladies were on the street. More Negroes, and old wimen than any thing else. The buildings are large square houses built of brick, no taste displaid [displayed] whatever. I saw but one handsome house that I call fine looking in the whole four miles - for I can see no beaty [beauty] in brick blocks. We were drawn by horses again through Baltimore. Oh you never saw such a dirty city. There you see there is nothing going on - all mud and dirt and still more negroes. than any thing else, The city looks as though it needed a little northern elbow greece to make it look respectable - We crossed Have de Grace (an arm of the chesapake [Chesapeake] Bay) by the cars running on to the Ferry boat, so we were not obliged to leave the cars. I do not enjoy such places, I assure you - for a short time before I came down, the cars run off the boat into the water, but fortunately the second car caught and no one was drowned. We arrived at Washington at six o'clock in the evening and found Col. Farnham waiting for us - I need not add I was glad to see him. But his Regt. had moved that day and left their comfortable winter

quarters for Fairfax Court house. Col and I stayed at a Hotel where we found Mrs. Col Blunt who left her husband that day to remain in Washington till she could be provided for near the Brigade. Mrs Blunt and I heard Dr. Sunderland preach Sunday - - but we did not go out much - I thought I had rather go round with Col. Farnham sometime. One can not get lost in Washington more than in Buffalo. The streets are so broad and straight. It is a very pleasant city. We saw Mrs. Lewis and her friends. I like her much. and I think she is enjoying herself - It was during the Battle of Fredricksburg that I saw her, and her husband was engaged in that battle, Most of the wounded were brought to Washington in the night, We could hear the ambulances bringing in the wounded. I did not visit any hospitals, but shall before I go home. Col. Farnham left saturday morning but returned Monday to say that Mrs. Blunt and I could be boarded near the Regt. I was glad for I was near being homesick. We Mrs. Blunt and I left Washington Wednesday morning intending to go down and take the ten o'clock boat, - but could could not get our breakfast in season so we reached the depot in season to see the last Horse- car going to the Wharf for the time. But soon we found another. We got in and by being exchanged once we made

out to get to the wharf to cross for Alexandria about ten minutes too late. - so I walked along to see to my baggage and found a man nailing up a Box I had brought with me, with some fixings for Col. F. I asked him how it came open. The Porter steped up and said. the man thought he could smell something He wanted some drink! The Porter told him, he had better look out - for there were only a few things for the Col. He nailed up the box in a hurry - I had some Brandy & Cherry Rum for Ros. But the fellow did not find it, so we crossed the Potomac, at last and found a man waiting almost out of patience for us. He was the Sattler [Saddler] of the 12th. Regt. who had come in for things for the Regt. We had warmed ourselves by the time he was loaded to start. Alexandria is a Secesh town and looks as though there had been a fire, and all the houses had suffered from it. Dirty and cold. I did not see hardly a deacent dressed lady while passing through. More negroes still and scolding whites. I should be afraid to stop there. The streets are paved with stones of all sizes, so a worse road you never saw. The Sattler had a covered wagon, draghn [drawn] by two horses equiped with two iron trace chains and two leather. every thing else to match. The

wagon was filled mattresses, stoves, Boards tent pins, and our two trunks and the box which filled up the ambulance all but a small space for us to crawl in. We got in and seated ourselves on Mrs. B. trunk covered with a mattress, but no go it brought our heads in contact with the top of the vehicle. so after removing the mattress we managed to ride our heads bumping the wagon, or the wagon bumping our heads We were sheltered from the storm somewhat by riding behind Mr. Stearns For it snowed - and the wind blew. a Virginia Blizard. I got out once and walked to keep me from freezing. But Mrs. Blunt would not. it was too much trouble for we were so closely packed with just room enough for our feet between the trunks. But this is the way people ride out here. We did not meet but one carriage the whole sixteen miles - But many army wagons drawn by mules or horses, guided by a man sitting on the left hand horse holding one single rein. They looked cold enough blue coats, and blue noses that day. There were but few houses on the road. and most of them minus of windows and doors. Probably taken by soldiers to improve their huts and to build fires with, We were stopped every few rods to show our Pass. A. Blue Coat would come in front sword in hand. "Show Your Pass" Then they would

want to know what we had on board &c There were a few calvary [cavalry] on the road trying their horses jumping rail fences &c, Saw two girls riding horseback - They ride all seasons of the year I conclude. We reached Fairfax about dark cold and hungry - for we had had nothing to eat since breakfast. They first one of the 12th. Regt we met said the Col's were both out to Centreville on Picket duty and would be gone four days - But we drove on to the Regt. camp through fields we tumbling in every direction, for that was our only way to go and at last stoped in front of Col Blunts tent Chaplain Brastow, and Cousin Nelson Rodgers - Col. Farnhams Orderly, waiting for us. We went in and tried to warm ourselves by the Col. California fireplace, which is nothing more than a hole in the ground covered partialy by a flat stove leaving a space for the Egress of the Smoke. We were very cold so the Chaptain [Chaplain] made us some tea out of Cayenne and water which we took by holding our breath. You never saw such a dose! But all at once, we all began to cough. ! Nelson says. You have spilt some on the hot stove We were glad enough to leave, So by this time

Mr. Stearns had unloaded and we mounted our vehicle - by climbing in at the end of the wagon. The Chaplain and Nelson in attendance holding the light. It was a step for a lady I assure you, but I am good for climbing. The chaplain who is a young man of 28 and good looking followed and with Nelson we started for our boarding place nearly a mile off through the fields. It was rather rough I recon. but by once getting out and going ahead part of the way with a lantern, we found our destination. The dogs barked the children and blacks ran out and helped us. We found very hospital [hospitable] people, who pretended to be for the Union at present. We had warm hoe-cake prunes, cold meat and coffee ready for us, which with the cayenne made us very comfortable. The Col. made me a visit soon - and Saturday the Regt. returned. While out there eleven of the Union Calvary [Cavalry] and sixteen horses were taken. They all returned alive but suffered laying on the cold ground.

Jan 19th &. 20th Today has been very pleasant. This In the morning visited the Hospital, had a call or two - In the afternoon I was invited to ride by Chaplin Brastow - but could not go until three o'clock as Col. Farnham took Col. Blunts place in Batallion drill. When he came in he said that orders had come for the 12th to take rations for twenty four hours and to march the next morning at seven o'clock. Mrs Capt. Ormsbee was in, but she hurried away half frightened to death for fear of a battle. I tried to quiet her by saying they would return the next day. I thought I would not loose my ride. So Chaplin and I started in direction of Chantilly then turned to the right and came round by Mr Whaleys We had a delightful ride of three miles. But unfortunate news awaited us on our return. The 12th ordered to move to Wolf Creek Shoals. So I doffed my riding dress and went to packing in earnest. Went over to see Mrs Blunt to say to her I was bound to stay in Virginia and would go to Mrs Whaleys to board until I could be accommodated at Wolf Shoals, She was going to

do the same, Mrs. Ormsbee came in to know what was to be done with her. She approved of our propposition and that night was the last we spent at Camp Stoughton. The last I heard at night was breaking of hard Tack boxes - and the same sound greeted my ears in the morning. I asked Col. Farnham if they were Strickeing the tents!! Reviille was soon played and we hurried on our clothes for we were to have our breakfast at six o'clock. When I oppened my cabin door such a splendid scene I never beheld before. Twenty fires were burning. Six hundred or more men hurrying about preparing for the move. Beyond glowed the blood red tents of morning The whole camp was alive with motion and activity. Some were striking tents some preparing the morning meal, others as hard at play. All seemed to rather enjoy the change. Daylight found them ready for the march Each poor soldier loaded with their earthly all upon their backs making them look like Bunyans poor Christian loaded with sin. I hoped they would not meet with so many difficulties. But I fear their troubles have commenced for it twenty four hours since. The last I saw of them they were on the

march - A long file of soldiers - with a few of the lame and sick stragling along behind. The two Col's riding near the head of the line their horses loaded like the mules of Swiss mountins. We went back to camp our tents and cheered our drooping spirits by drinking the remaining contents of two bottles of whisky. I think it had the desired effect for it warmed us nicely - Then we went round and took a last look at the deserted remains of our cabins - It seemed a pity to leave such comfortable homes that we had made so by hard labor. But this life would not be military if we did not move once in four weeks. Mrs Blunt Mrs Ormsbee and I left camp about ten o'clock for our boarding place a mile distant. The Song of the Camp. Give us a song! the soldiers cried The outer trenches guarding When heated guns of the camp allied Grew weary of bombarding - The dark Redan, in silent scoff Lay grim and threatening under

Jan 21st We woke with the sun - and such wind and rain you rarely hear. I thought of my husband and the poor soldiers who I was afraid had sleeped in open air. But when I went down stairs. I was informed by Capt Green that our Regt went into barracks. I assure you this was welcome news. But such a gloomy day we have had. wind and rain all day. But we ladies have tried to make ourselves agreeable. Mrs Ormsbee and I have committed a short poem of Bayard Taylor. "Song of the Camp" And the tawny mound of the Malakoff No longer belched its thunder. There was a guard [pause]. the guardsman said We storm the forts tomorrow Sing while we may another day Will bring enough of sorrow. They lay along the batterys side Below the smoking cannon - Brave hearts from Seven [Severn] and from Clyde

And from the banks of Shannon They sang of love, and not of fame Forgot was Britians glory Each heart recalled a different name But all sang Annie Laurie. Voice after voice caught up their song - Until the tender passion Rose like an anthem rich and strong, Their Battle eve confession - Dear girl her name he dared not speak Yet as the song grew louder Something upon the soldiers cheek Washed off the stain of powder. Beyond the darkened ocean burned The bloody sunsets embers. While the Crimean valleys learned How English love remembers

And once again a fire of hell Rained on the Russian quarters Witch [With] scream of shot and burst of shell And bellowing of the mortars. And Irish Nora's eyes are dim For a singer dumb and gory; And English Mary mourns for him Who sang of "Annie Laurie" Oh soldiers! to your honored rest Your truth and valor bearing The bravest are the tenderest The loving are the daring.

Jan. 25th Such beautiful weather we are having. It is like spring - No snow clad hills, or mountains greet our view, far, or near. Broad open fields. Ruines of houses barns that tell us what there has been - and what desolation war brings upon the land. No buildings of any kind is exempt unless occupied. Not even churches or academies are freed from the destroyer hands. Such is war. Beautiful forests are cut down. The Laurel serves to decorate the hospital. Fields are studed with stockades the foundations of our soldiers homes. There is no work done here only by the Army. All seceshdom are bound not to work for the Bankers. They neither sow nor reap. They pretend to be for the Union while the Army is in sight. Then they show theirs colors to the weaker sex if any are left behind. We four ladies have been left to bring up the rear of the army I suppose. I received a visit from my husband last night. He returned to Wolf Creek this morning. I trembled at every noise I heard through the night. for fear that the Rebels had got wind of an officer to be nabbed. We are within our lines - But rebels are all around us. Citizens who would be glad to assist in aresting any United States officer. They will steal your very coat if you do not keep it in sight. One poor traveller while

passing through here - yet stuck in the mud as they say. While he was seeking assistance. some one stole his horse. This is a specimen of honesty in this part of the country. We leave Pleasant View tomorrow or next day at farthest for Wolf Creek. Our next move will probably be for the north. I hope that move will not come very soon. I rather live in Rebeldom with my husband than at home alone - For there is no home to me unless he is present. May God protect him through all danger he may be subjected to while in the Army. And bring him safe to me at the close of nine months for which he enlisted

Jan. 26th 1863 Monday This day has see quite a snow. Capt Ormsbee left us little thinking he should see his wife at Wolf Creek the same day. But about quarter to 12 o'clock. An a soldier came in saying that An Ambulance would be there in thre [three] quarters of an hour for the ladies. So our packing and dinner was dispatched in the least possible time. We were to sittle [settle] our bills and leave our baggage behind. We made ourselves very warm over the excitement. I was with the rest happy enough to get with my husband, as he had been gone a week - I had receivd only a flying visit from him on Saturday night. We started four of us Ladies mounted the Ambulance We had no idea of the mud that we were to go through. We had heard of mud - but near [never] experienced any thing like our journey. The horses walked the whole twelve miles except about one half of a mile. We were determined not to complain for we could have gone to Alexandria just as well and taken the cars for home. But we were bound not to go. But to follow

an, So we must take our bumps in silence. We saw all the staring soldiers on the way. Who looked as though we were so many animals up for a show. There were many remains of encamp- -ments. on the road - But very few houses. No men to be seen probably all off to war. All Secesh. There were many soldiers graves to be seen. which looked fresh as though they had not been burried long. But we could not note many things for we had to employ all our time in holding ourselves into the vehicle for that is no small job. Most of the road had been cut through especially for the army so it was in rather rough condition stumps or trees did not frighten out [our] beasts. And many times when I thought our waggon was a goner It was only a tree brushing against the bottom. Many times we come so near going over as we could and kiep [keep] right side up. I we had a chance to make considerable fun as long as we kepd right side up our seats Mrs Ormsbee beged

us to poultice her from head to foot as soon as we get to Wolf Creek. But I think her commen [comment] was forgotten by the time she found her husband. It was almost dark when we arrived at Camp. And then my cabin was not in a livable condition. But I was invited to take tea and when there. Mrs Ormsbee informed me she was going to stay in Camp. So Mrs Stearns and I were to board out for a while. After we had enjoyed Mr. Peaches good supper we left Camp with Mr. Stearns and Col Farnh[am] to go with us as escort. to show the driver the way. to a boarding place It was dark when we started - and a mile and a half we had to go most of the way through the woods. I was homesick for the first time as I found myself in the woods with Col F in front tumbling along over ditches and every conceivable impediment there can be placed in the highway, in a rebel country where there were rebel citizens that would inform of us at any time they could have a chance. But we found our destind

boarding place. A Mr Davis. One who stiles [styles] himself one of the F.F.V's. He opened the gate and we aligted [alighted] and was introduced to a stout fleshy man, who a

Tuesday Feb. 3d 1863 Wolf Creek Shoals Virginia We have had the coldest day to day I have experience in Virginia. The ground is hard and frozen. The moon is shining bright through the tall trees - Every soldier is glad to gather round his own camp fire. I am happy to say that all our boys of the 12th are warm and comfortable. This morning was spent by me by my own stove committing Tennyson's song The Charge of the Light Brigade. After dinner I was smoked out of my cabin by the wind's changing, sending all the smoke into my room which soon caused me to seek another fireside I went over to Mrs Blunt's, fout [found] her at the Adj's, so I went in to see his new house, and enjoy for a while his arm the Adj't's chair made out of a barrel. Liked it much thought I would like one myself - I proposed that we should go down to be weight [weighed]. So we went, and I found that I had gained three pounds - Then Mrs Blunt and I called on Mrs. Dyer a privates wife. We found her in a little hut by herself with two children one two years old and one four months, she having been in Virginia two months. I should think she was about twenty years of age. She was in a stockaded tent on the ground, but said they were soon to have a floor and cubord [cupboard] and table

She was buisy when we went in, her children looking very dirty and the little babe in a new kind of cradle a Cracker box. The little fellow did not feel much like laughing poor little innocent how I did pity it. She is a very simple irish woman. used to all kinds of hardship, and I think her children will be used to the same before they are many years older She thought she could do my washing in a few days. I then left her. I hope she will not suffer from cold tonight. When we came back to our shanties we found that the Adjs - had some candy in apperation [operation], while we were waiting for the Candy Mrs. Capt Ormsbee came up and soon the candy was done. Then we went into working candy and was very sucessful. The Adjt Major. Capt. and Col L were in to help us eat our golden efforts. There is a report that the Rebel General Stuart is at the Court House.

Sunday Feb 8th Five days have passed and I have neglected to write in my journal. But I certainly have had a good excuse for three days past. I have had the camp dysentary [dysentery] - but am much better to day, hope I am well. We are having delightful weather and I have wanted so to enjoy it. There has been company in camp for two days past Quarter Master Bronson's wife she is not of my sort so I did not put myself out much to entertain her. She is rather too fond of married men and single to suit me. So poor Mrs. Blunt had her all to herself rather more than she wanted I reckon. Mrs. Dyer our wash woman has been sick and my washing is not done. I do hope she will recover. There are a good many sick, and two have died the past week. O I pray that all these poor soldiers may be prepared to meet their End. May God have mercy upon them. Would that this frightful war was over. Roswell sits reading The Woman in White-." I think he is as much interested as I was yesterday. I have read The Life of Adjt. Stearns to day writen by his father. I would that every soldier was as much of a christian as he was and as well

prepared to meet his God. It is a little book that may do a good deal of good among our men here. I have not been out to attend divine service to day. but have enjoyed reading. Yet when I leave my dear husband I lose all enjoyment in reading for how can I read when away from him and feel as though he was sick or suffering in some way. When here I know just how he is situated. I do wish I could remain until he goes home and share with him his dangers. Mr. Benedict has been in this evening I like him much. We called the first night he came home but I was sick and gone to bed. I was sorry for I did want to see him. We talked about the war. How the people were feeling at home. They were all waiting for the result of the Spring Campaign, - Then - Then if we were not successful then there must be peace made in some way. The excitement of to day has been that three of the Satlers clerks were on their way to Washington with good and money amonting [amounting] to three hundred dollars. They were within two miles of Burks [Burke's] Station and were riding along slowly in the rain, when the word

halt came from the bushes at their right, on turning a carbine was within three feet of Wells head: ready to fire if he did not obey. So the poor fellows dismounted and gave up their money and goods after being taken two miles off into the woods. They took all the money they could find - but fortunately when Wells got out he dropped his wallet with an hundred and ten dollars into the bottom of the waggon and it escaped their notice so he got off better than he might. They were keped by the Rebs from eleven o clock till four in the afternoon then left to find their way back as best they could. It is not safe for any to go unermed [unarmed]. Robers [Robbers] are all about us. There is no fiction in this life. Life in earnest. The fellows were half frightened to death and mad enough, for Wells was going to send fifty dollars to his wife but she will have to wait a while

Feb 15th 1863. Wolf Run Shoals Sunday. Eve. Poor journal how sadly you are neglected, but sickness has prevented me from being punctual, and visiting Washington has something to do with it. I thought I was well enough to see the sights of the Capitol - but tired out the first day. We Lieut Benedict Col. Farnham and myself left the tenth 12th Wednesday for W. in an Ambulance It was snowing half rain when we started but we knew it was desired that we should go while there was a chance, We left here about thee [three] o'clock And such roads I never saw. over corduroy roads is more than any human being ought to endure. I think it was much worse than coming out here for we could keep on the seat then - but when going out I thought I would not hold on any longer so sat up as straight as you please for a moment but soon found myself sitting on the bottom of the Vehicle in rather an awkard position. Ros said you cut a pretty figure! I bet I was mad. for I was aware of the fact

We stoped at Mrs. Bronsons Quarter Masters wife. She was not at home but I made myself comfortable and had got rested nicely when she came. She fixed us some brandy and water - Then sent for supper for four, as her mess room is some distance from her tent. She had quite a variety for supper for she had brought, dried beef, cake, cheese and sundry other eatables from home. We all enjoyed our supper very much as our ride had given us an appetite. After supper Lieut Herrick called and we were having a good visit when Lieut Prentiss called a very handsome young fellow of the Gen.s Staff. He monopolised most of the conversation for a time - when at last Herrick let his low voice be heard in his corner of the room. They all left at last and Mrs. Bronson and I went to bed but I did not sleep long for I was too fatigued for sleep, and was glad enough to have it daylight or six o'clock. We hurried up and dressed and by that time it was time to start so I had no time for lunch. The Car. started soon after we got seated, and we reached Alexandria at a slow pace in an hour. The conductur all of the time

telling how much good he had done for our country. I was the only lady. When we got to Alexandria I had to walk a mile. Then we waited some time for the boat to come in but at last was on the gig for the Capitol. then took the horse cars for the National Hotel where we {arrived] and had our breakfast at eleven o clock. I was tired enough to go to bed by that time but kept silent as I was bound to hold out. We then started for the Capitol. and a little ways in Washington means a mile. so I was pretty well tired out by the time we visited the Capitol. The paitings [paintings] were good. I had a chance to see some of the portraits of our old pilgrim fathers. But I do not understand how they should all have the same or similar features. I liked of the paitings in the Rotunda the Baptism of Pocahontas. She is kneeling She is a brown maid having very pretty features and arms. Her husband Rolfe stands behind her then her

Uncle and other relations near. An old chief looks very distrustful of the proceedings. Other caracters dressed in the english fashion of that time. Another Picture I admired very much was of our Pilgrim fathers. In the Centre sits Bradford at his right his wife while in front at the left a lady sits half of her face is seen. At the right of the piture [picture] Miles [Myles] Standish and his wife Rose are sitting. She is very beautiful. No wonder he wished for Princilla [Priscilla] for his second wife. There were many pictures and statues too numerous to mention. I enjoyed them all much. The conquered Indian was a statue which expressed the most of any I saw. He sits there his muscular arms folded his head drooping looking as though his country was truly taken and he must yield to his foe the White man. The walls of the Capitol are richly ornamented with paintings. executed by foreign- Artists. It is a shame that our National Capitol should be painted by foreigners.

Yet it is a great work and well executed. Every part is nicely furnished, We stoped a while in the House of Representatives and saw a class of rather undignified men - who keeped [kept] the little pages rather nimble. In the Senate we were very fortunate in hearing Foot Sumner Colamer and a Delaware hothead who was holding forth at the top of his voice with a little help of brandy. Vice president Hamlin presided, while in the Galeries the Reporters sit, I should think they would be tired in writing down such nonsense. They did look rather careworn. I could not help thinking how much maneuvering and courting these men had to go through in order to get into the Capitol just for the name of being there. Yet we went to see the house as hundreds of others did for Col and Gen's were of no account for Major Gen's were sprinkled about promiscurously. I enjoyed visiting the house and the Green House contained

some very rere [rare] plants Bannanas growing while on the same stack there was a large blossom The Palm was at its full heigth. I could well imagine how our Palm leaf fans were made. I hope I shall be able to visit these scenes again. We reached our stoping place a little past four o'clock and had our dinner as soon as I could climb four flight of stairs and dress which was longer than I intended. as is the case with all ladies. The ladies at dinner were dressed to death. both old and young. We had wine which was quite an addition to our comfort. Then I mounted the stairs again and rested myself for an hour or so. Then we went to see Maggie Mitchel. Fanshion [Fanchon] The Cricket. She acted her part well - but rather too well in some places. Yet we enjoyed it much. But before morning I was sorry that I had worked so hard - for I was truly sick. So my second day in Washington was all passed in doors, So we returned to Camp on Saturday. I riding the last

six miles both in an Ambulance and on horseback, and glad was I to reach my cother [other] house here in the woods. But this morning I was sad enough to have Mrs. Ormsbee come in and say she was bound for Brandon. She was in here in the evening not thinking of going home for some time when Col Blut [Blunt] sent for her to come in there. He had advised Capt. Ormsbee to send his wife home. so to be company for Mrs. Blunt who was going alone. I never felt so disappointed hardly - for I like Mrs. Ormsbee very much She is a smart inteligent woman as is often to be found. She has no one to go home to see as Mrs. Blunt has. When one has children they have some one to go to see. Their heart is in two places. I should have been home long ago if my little one had been spared me. But "He doeth all things well" so it is right. I am not alone, but Mrs Stearns and Peach are very different from Mrs. Ormsbee.

It seemed so sad to go down to Mrs Ormsbee's new house for the first time this morning and find her dressing for her journey. I bet some ladies ears burned if they did not 'twas no fault of ours. For we could see just what selfish motion had hastened her departure. She and husband came up to drive with us for the last time. I could have cried instead of laughing half of the time. She looked sad enough when she left. It was like leaving home, Yet I may follow her in three days no knowing. War is near and about us, We must be prepared for emergences [emergencies] I hope I shall be well and strong by the time I leave Wolf Shoals, Va. Nelson has just come in. He says that Chaplin Brastow says I can have his horse to ride while he is in Washington,

Feb 16th Monday This has been a long day - but I have been busy entertaining company most of the time Col Farnham has been out on picket with Col Randal of the 13th and Capt. Coburn. They had to go the whole length of our picket lines which is six miles up to Union Mills. They stoped and took dinner with Gen. Hnz. who is a man of sixty years rather dull I should judge from what Col. F said of him. They had roast beef and tomatoes for dinner. I began to be quite anxious about Ros before he returned for I expected him before dinner. Capt Page was the commanding officer while Col F. was gone. so he was in our tent all the forenoon. We had quite a sociable time of it talking of war and politics. Capt Page is a loyal man which is more than I can say of many officers here. Mrs. Peach was in in the afternoon. In the evening Cap Chamberlin and Major Kingsly. Too bad I could not ride to day it has been so pleasant. I am afraid I cannot ride again.

Feb. 17th When we awoke this morning to my suprise there were two inches of snow on the ground and it has keped on snowing all day. So this will not improve the roads And we shall not move. I shall not cry if this weather keeps on till May so Ros can come home alive. I have finished the Woman in White. And read the news. That is more than I have done of late. I have writen a letter of six pages to Laura containing the description of my journey into Washington. I hope it will interest her. The rest of my time has been taken with calls, I hope I shall be well the rest of the time I remain here. I have packed my trunk ready to send to Washington So then I can move in a hurry. I am never lonely when Ros is with me so I should not be here if no other lady was here.

Feb. 18th Wednesday Eve: Snow & Rain all day it has rained and snowed - alternately for more than forty eight hours. What will this do to our roads? But notwithstanding it has been very pleasant in my tent. I have been reading Russels Diary in America. I certainly like him better and begin to understand him. I think he was disinterested and wrote as far as I have read just as he thought. Col. Blunt has not returned from Washington. So Col Farnham is still in command: After tea Col. F came in as [and] says guess who has come from Bradford! Could not guess But it proved to be George Chamberlin. I do want to see him. but he must be too tired to call as he has walked six miles in the mud. We have had a little excitement with all the rest of our joy news. A prisoner was brought in for examination So I just sat by and had a chance to survey him. He was taken while crossing the ford. He says he deserted the Rebel Army a week ago last Monday while on the first days march from Fredricksburg towards Rappahonac [Rappahannock]. Under Stonewall Jackson. He says Stonewall Jackson

has seventy thousand men, nine peices of Artilery and a portion of Stewerts [Stuart's] Cavalry. He says his home [name] is Daniel Carson from Stanton. He was impressed into service four days after the Fredricksburg fight. He has been in this country only two years. He is Irish, and about five feet three inches in height black eyes. Had on citizens clothes. Says there were forty men who were impressed that he saw. He came to our lines hoping to get north. Has been travelling night and day for the last ten days. Got his food at Negro huts on the road. Has been fired at a number of times since he started. I rather guess he ment to tell the truth. But he must have overestimated the number of men under Stonewall He says they left a right smart lott of men at F under Langstreet [Longstreet]. I wonder if they rearly [really] intend to come into this vacinity. Today the Telegraph wire has made its appearance into camp so we can have communication with Union Mills and Washington. Now we have an Artist Jeweler shoemaker Taylor and a Telegraph. It looks like remaining here for a while. Ros has finished his day tonight

Feb. 19th The sun has one [once] more shown itself. The snow is disapearing and the mud is riseing. Col Blunt and the Chaplin has returned from Washington. Mrs. Blunt and Ormsby are probably near home by this time Col Blunt said his wife sleped but little the last night in Washington She thinks she will never se her husband again. Chaplin said he never enjoyed himself as well in town before. Capt Ormsby came in on his way to his tent Said it was next to seeing his wife seeing me. 'Tis too bad to have his wife go home so soon when it is nothing but mud here and the Army cannot move. George Chamberlin called here to day. He looks natural and says all the Bradford people are well. While he was in Lieut. Hooker came in one of General Stoughton's Aids. He came into Camp on business last night, but did not make it known. Whil in here, I asked Col. Farnham to show, him his Map he had just drew. He did. Oh he says it is just what the Gen. wants. Will you lend it me to carry to Head Quarters, I will return it. I told Ros to give it him. Col. F said he was welcome if it would do him any good. He seemed very much pleased.

I hope he will tell Gen S who did it. Hooker said that the General would show it to Heintzelman. I wish it was Ros business to do Engineer work and he would not be so exposed as he now is. Lieut Benedict has called and most of the rest of the day has been our own to read and write I have writen two sheets to Cousin Mary Jane Peters. I hope she will appreciate it and write for it takes time to write long letters. Col Blunt is a good deal disturbed about the Rebels being so near. I wish Ros would seem to mind it. We have received a letter from Dr McKeen. A patriotic letter, one full of courage and hope. Would that all the North felt in the same way. Then our Soldiers would have more courage to do something. Hooker said that hundreds of coward give themselves up to the Rebs. and are paroled and return home with their bounty and pay. Shame for them. 'Tis strange that such men are allowed to live. This is a terrible war. I hope we may see the end soon. But there is no hope as yet for we gain ground slowly. I do wish Mrs Ormsbee was here.

Feb 20th & 21st We are having pleasant weather again. To-day I have been out to ride, as far as the Occoquan where the Wolf Run empties its waters. I saw the Earth works thrown up by our men. While the works are already distroyed on the Rebel side. I do hope there will be no occasion to use them. Yet indications point that way. We hear they are at Washington. If they come we ladies will be obliged to flee. Mrs. Capt. Sterling and husband of the Connecticut Battery took dinner with us to day. They are very well informed people. I would be glad to see more of Mrs. Sterling. But she goes home the first of the week, Mrs Stearns moved into camp today. I received two letters yesterday. One from Hattie and one from Zeke. I answered Hatties last night. It takes time to write long letters as I now write. I am blue tonight. Having taken cold out riding this morning. I hope I am not going to be sick.

Feb 22d To day we were startled by heavy cannonading in the direction of Fredericksburg. All felt though there could no harm come of it, as it was not likely that the Rebs would venture out in such a storm for we are having ten inches of snow to assist the Army in a forward movement. I feel quite safe as things are now When we come to some [sum] up the day we began to think what day it was and found the cannonading was probably in honor of the Birth day of Our Countryman George Washington. Our picket line has been shortened four miles. So our boys do not have to walk quite as far as they did. I am very thankful for them for walking eight miles to stand out in the cold storms we are having is enough to try the toughest constitutions. We now picket up as far as Ward yard ford in direction of Union Mills. Major Kingsly is officer of the day. today I think he has had a hard time of it by his looks to night, I hope I shall be well enough to go with Col. F. when he goes. For I wish to see the country. I have writen to Zeke and Henry today. I do hope Henry will not be drafted. But expect he will.

Feb 23d We have had a delightful day. Ros has drawn a sketch of the inside of my room which I think I will copy Nelson has gone to Washington to see the Elephant and make a few purchases. He carried my trunk so now I have only a valise to take with me when I move. I am in hopes it will not be at present, Not until after the mud is dried up. A sad accident happened to one of the boys of the 13th to day, while falling a tree it fell on a tent near and nearly killed a man inside. Hubbard an boy of our Regt who has been sick. called to see me today. He looks very feeble now. I hope he may improve in the change of from the Hospital to Camp life. Mrs. Stearns husband has gone to Washington so she sleeps with me tonight. One of General Hookers scouts has gone through here to day. I hope he will succeed in getting information We ought to have more men of the kind in the field. We have receivd a call from Citizen Davis He is a real secesh at heart. I see it come hard to say the Rebels. Then again he said your Army,

Feb 26th. We have had a splendid ride to day. I did enjoy it so much. The air was warm and just the day to enjoy a ride on horseback. We met a southern turnout I should think it was a sort of sleigh get up for the occasion a few boards nailed together and placed sleigh fashion on a pair of runners and drawn by one old horse. The women had on sun-bonnets, as all the ladies wear the same old log cabin of olden times. We rode about four miles and came back intending if nothing happens to try it again. I have done my ironing with our flatiron as usual since I am back

Feb. 28th I woke up this morning finding it was raining hard and so of course my ride was not to be thought of. It rained hard till noon. I have been busy mending reading and eating which occupies most of our time lately since Mrs. Peach came. She cooks so well. To day I heard that Benton and [illegible] lost their cotton house by fire. They hurried out in double quick time I reckon. And at that lost some of their clothing. Too bad Hubbard lost the most of his overcoat and now he needs it more than ever. He is so unwell. Poor fellow he has a hard time. He did look so feeble the day he called here I did pity him. Nelson returned from Washington today. He brought a haversack full of necessaries from files and combs down to Saleratus. Col. Farnham since nine o clock came in saying that the Rebels had crossed the Rappahanock above Falmouth so they will be here to morrow and I must be in a hurry and go to bed. I have writen father tonight.

March 8 1st Morning. Two days have passed and I have neglected to record the events. Friday nothing of importance occured only we had a picture taken of our house Col Blunt Major Kingsly Chaplin Brastow Quarter Master Biglow and Lieut. Col. Farnham and myself on horseback all in front of our tent. I did not go to the Party as Col. Farnham thought it too muddy. But I wrote a line to Mrs. Brownson also one to Mrs Worthen asking her to come over and visit me here at Wolf Creek. But when the Major returned he said Mrs. Worthen was sick. so she was not present at the party on Friday night. There were six ladies there. Only fifty gentlemen They did not hold the party only till eleven o clock. So I missed all that. Saturday evening I received two letters from my Brothers Also one from Mrs. Ormsbee. She writes she is very homesick to come back. Says she is shivering there at the north with the cold. It is, too great a change for her from this

warm climate to Vermonts cold Febury [February]. She tells me not to venture north at present. I shall be only too happy to obey her advise I intend to answer her letter this morning. I was glad to read in Henry's letter that he passed the examination at Norwich very creditably and goes there in one week from now. I hope that he will go, and will not be drafted. Zekiel is tough and weighs 142 lbs I think this life agrees with him. I hope he will continue to be as well as he now is. This part of the Brigade is under orders to March Have just received them. To be ready to march with two days rations. Perhaps not to return again But it rained all night and still continues to rain so I rather think there will be no marching to day. If they do I shall return to Washington. This is a changeable world. Poor William Wallace is very sick this morning with a fever. I wish his wife was here; Mr Peach has just been in.

Monday 9 1/2 o'clock. March 2d There is an order come for all to be in rediness for the Rebs are only three and a half miles from here and some think they are in force. Col. F. and I were sitting quietly by our fireside when the order came some fifteen minutes ago. Now he is gone on horse back to see Col. Randall, and every Capt. is already equipped, and soldier is ready for battle Such is war. Every thing is quiet and we can only hear a few talking low around us. May God protect us from all harm and strife. I write for I can do nothing else for I am waiting to hear the result from head quarters. We can not telegraph for the Regts at Union Mills are talking with our neighbors. Col Farnham has just returned and says that two companies have gone up to Gates Ford and we shall soon hear from them. We are expecting Col Windham here to hight [night] with two thousand Cavalry. I hope they will soon be here. Why is it I am so calm. A dispatch says that the Rebs are in force at Gates Ford. A flock of wild geese have just gone over.

March 3d. Last night after waiting until twelve o'clock dressed and all my things packed for the Rebs I concluded to go to bed. There was no more disturbance. And today all that we can hear proves that the Pensilvania Reserves imagined all they saw and heard. It served to stir up the boys. This morning Col. Windham passed through here with twenty five hundred Cavalry. He had been rid- five days. one day and night the men and horses had nothing to eat. They have come from Fredericksburg since Sunday, and last night encamped four miles south of here. They looked tired and sleepy. A sad looking set of men as I ever saw. They neither spoke or laughed as they passed by. Poor soldiers! I pitied them. It was a grand sight to see so many Cavalry together. We heard this morning that twenty of our Vermont Cavalry were surprised and taken. Although they had Pickets out. The Rebs rushed in upon Capt Huntoon and men and took them while their horses were feeding. But sickness is doing more here -

among our men than the Rebs. Over sixty are sick. And some are very sick. Poor Wallace and Benton are among the sickest. Col. Farnham telegraphed to Wallace's wife to come and see her husband. I do not think I shall remain long in Camp. Am getting tired. Think I will go to Washington and stop a while before going home. Then recied [received] calls from Dr. Conn and Major Kingsly this evnig [evening]. Lucy Chamberlin took dinner with us. Capt. Chamberlin sent for his wife to come out with Mrs. Wallace, But Wallace was so sick that Col. F. telegraphed for her to come immediately. McSuther went into the hospital to take care of Benton to day. I hope he will have good care. Poor fellow he deserves it. As all other soldiers do. They fight their battles in the hospital. And a hard battle it is too. May Our Heavenly Father raise all present sick boys and carry them home alive.

4th March To day has been very cold. A change that will help cure our sick boys. I hope this weather will continue for some days. Col. Farnham has been out as Officer of the Field. I have been at home busy mending and ironing. And having a good deal of headache. I hope my head will be better tomorrow George Chamberlin started for home to day. I would almost like to go. There are so many sick here that I wish myself back at home sometimes. I have been in to see Adjt Vaughan's house. It looks very comfortable. I hope his wife may come and enjoy it and I shall be well enough to remain here some time to come. News came tonight that the Enemy was evacuating Vicksburg, and that Ft. McAllister at Savannah was taken. Some good news. Easter Sunday night seventeen of our Cavalry were taken by the Rebels at Alton. Some fifty were out eight miles beyond the Picket line and were bathing their horses and taking a lunch. Then the Rebs fired upon them. Before they had time to flee. Wounding some. Capt. Huntoon & Woodward were taken.

Poor Mr Whaley's people are suffering from the Pen. soldiers. They steal every thing that they lay their hands to And Capt Chamberlin has taken their Sword that belonged to our Regt. They were very sorry to have him leave. Mr Whaley will shake worse in his boots than ever. These Pen. soldiers are in our old quarters. And nice ones too they are. Capt Chamberlin saw one of our boys who had two bullets that he [illegible] from the Rebs Sunday night. One in his side and one in his shoulder. The Drs thought he would recover. He had rode twenty seven miles in that condition The Rebs saw how badly he was wounds and left him thinking he was not worth taking along with them.

March 6th Two days, or a day and a half is nearly past. Yesterday morning: was cold and pleasant. so I concluded to take a ride to the Mouth of the Bull Run. three miles from here, Eve. Col Farnham and I had a delightful ride throu woods and we crossed the streams and went over a road that was any thing but smooth. Sometimes we were going up a hill as steep as the roof of the house and then again as rough as rocks and bushes could make it. But I enjoy this rough life. We found the ruins of two houses on the summit of the land. And how they ever come down to where civilized people lived I do not imagine. Certainly not in any sort of carriage. For it is impossible to do so. There are a few Peach Trees about the Ruins and also an appearance of Corn having been been raised in that vicinity. Now nothing but desolation marks the spot. The Bull Run empties into the Occuquan a very muddy looking stream. Trees shade each shore. And just across the Bull Run is a house that

our pickets have wonderful stories to relete about Rebel Cavaly have been seen to leave that house within a week. And it is supposed that they harbor our Enemies. as all the rest of our inhabitants do. We came home in season for dinner and then I took a nap, and while aslap [asleep] Judge Poland [illegible] daughter and Miss Pease of Rochester. Adjt. Poland. Chaplin Brastow Cummings arived. They went into dinner with Col. Blunt. Then they came into my Quarters and staid some time. The[y] departed for the 13th saying they would return and spend the night with me. They returned and we all went over to Col. Blunts and spent the evening or one hour till ten oclock. Then we came to our tent and made up a bed by putting the cot beside our bed. And all three of us occupied the bed. I did not rest very well but the rest of the ladies, enjoyed their quarters very much. This morig [morning] we invited in the Burlington boys to see Miss Pease. They enjoyed the call much I think. The ladies

and their friends left about eleven o clock for Fairfax Station. I pity them for they are not accustomed to ride and they are terrible sore and lame. A Mr. Walker called upon them whom I liked very much. He left a good business as Lawyer and enlisted as private, Col. F says that Madame, or Mr. Grundy (for we do not have any Madames here of that name) that he is partial to Miss Pease at home. So his call was not unexpected to her I judge. 10 o'clock. News by telegraph states that the Rebels cross here or at Woodyard ford to night. Every precaution has been taken to prevent it as usual. We have more fears for the boys at Woodyard than here at Wolf Run Shoals. for we have Artillery. I think I will try and sleep a little before they arrive. As Col. Farnham and Nelson are bound to sit up, I think. I have most of my apperel mostly ready. Just before tea Mrs. Stearns and I called upon Mr. Steal's family. They a class of low whites. The old lady said she had six girls at home Such looking girls too face hair dress all of a color. She said it was powerful cold to day. And we had had a right smart heap of snow.

March 7th The Rebs. did not come last night. I went to bed and slept nicely. Knowing I should be waked if the Rebs approached To day has been rainy and muddy as usual. Nothing of any interest has occured. Mrs. Wallace arrived in Camp to see her sick husband. He is much better and we are in hopes he will be quite comfortable in a few days. Dr Conn called in a few moments this evening. He had been to Washington for necessaries for the Hospital. I hope the soldiers will reap the benefits of them. I like the Dr quite well, but I think I like Dr Nichols better. Chaplin Brastow has been in this evening. We have had a very pleasant call from him. This is the first time he has been in for a long time. The reason I do not divine. Perhaps it is because we have not invited him strong enough. I think we liked him too well at first perhaps. I have commanded to learn to play checkers & chess. But do not think I shall rival Morphy very soon in Chess for I find it quite intricate. Mrs. Wallace said the thermometer was down to 30º below zero Thursday morning when she started. Here it is warm enough to have our doors open. To[o] warm to be healthy.

March 8th Today nothing of interest has occured except Mrs. Vaughan has arrived in Camp to remain with her husband some time she thinks. I hope she will not be disappointed But we may move or the Enemy may come any moment now March winds have come. I have finished Holland's Bitter Sweet and partly reread it. I like it much. There are some very pretty passages in it. Roswell had a letter from Charlie Harding who says he is Town Clerk which news I like. Also letter from Laura. She thanks me for my letter, but says nothing about writing. Mrs. Wallace sleeps with me tonight. Nelson and Col F has visited the sick boys today they are very sick many of them. Poor boys I wish they could be at home. I sent down some Cranberry Jelly and some Camphir to them to night. There are three there that I feel very much interested in. Col. F goes to Washington tomorrow

March 9th We have had stirring news to day. Our General has been taken and carried to Richmond. He had been reportedly warned of his danger by many of his friends. And ordered by General Casey to move his head Quarters to the Station Fairfax. where his Brigadier was stationed. But he would not listen as he could not be accomodated at the Station with a house to live in. So he chose to live where he could have a piano and good shelter - but I fear he has reason to regret his not listening to others a little. The Enemy of some three hundred men came in on the Flint hill road and as they approached the village divided into three squads one for the General, One for his horses and one for his servants. They succeed in their undertaking in capturing all they came for. They did not stop to take the General's Aids as they might compromise their Secesh friends at whose house they were stoping. as no one in this State as far as I am judge can stop at any house but Secesh for there is no other class but that class here. All the Generals Aids were summoned to Washington yesterday to

be examined on this afair. I hope the truth will be told by all and no blame laid to the Brigadr. Col. Blunt was the Senior Officer so he is at the Station six miles from here acting Brigadier till our General returns or another is appointed. So our Regiment is commanded by Lieut Col. Farnham for the present. Only one Regt of Cavalry has gone after General Stoughton. They may return with him but I doubt it. About five o'clock Roswell had a letter from Col. Andross saying that Cyrus Farnham is dead. Died at Memphis on the 25th of February, alone among strangers, and was not reconoised [recognized] by any friend until his name was found by looking over his papers. 'Tis sad but we always have expected it as he never was inclined to write any one. Poor fellow! Tis sad to think of. Alone among strangers! No friendly hand to smooth his dying pillows, or listen to his last prayer. Roswell and Laura will feel very bad. Roswell has written to Col. Andross for further particulars

And to the Chicago Tribune to enquire for him I do hope he may be identified and his remains brought home and placed beside his Father & Mother who have just gone before him. Would that he met his God in peac[e] is my greatest desire about him. For for [sic] what else, are we sojourners here upon Earth for. What is our life worth, if it is not spent in service to our Creator. Yet who knows but God forgave him even at the Eleventh hour. We know it is not impossible. Cyrus was one of the favored few who know how to do almost anything he attempted to. Superior in composing and writing. And doing business of all kinds. God granted him a superior mind. But he has gone from where no traveller returns.

March 11th Nothing of importance has occured. Col. Farnham has gone as far as the Station of [on] his way to Washington to collect the Subsistance Bill of Co. H. which leaves the Regt. under Major Kingsly. I hope all will remain quiet until my Husband returns. Mrs. Wallace stays with me to night. Major Kingsly says Mrs. Worthen & Mrs. Brownson comes over to daymorrow I should be happy to see them. No Blame is attributed to the General as yet for being captured. Only they think it a disgraceful afair to some one. March 12th I have called on our sick today, And may I never see such a sad sight again. Some twenty laying sid[e] by side burning up with fever. Poor sufferers, away from home and friends and home to die alone. I found but two whom I knew. John Fitch who has been getting along nicely until a day or two since when he eat something and caused a relapse I was sorry to see him so low. I offered him some apples & oranges but he could not eat them and could only [illegible] a little Lemonade. Then I visited the convalescent tent. It looked dark and gloomy. Yet the boys looked cheerful, and hopeful Then after dinner four of us ladies took a long

walk. And on our way back I just stopped in to see Quarter master Biglow. He look much better than I expected he would After I had heard how sick he was. I sent him over some cranberry jelly I hope he will like it. We have news tonight that the Rebs are crossing at Kellys Ford. We shall see them here next Col. Farnham will return tomorrow. We have received a letter from a friend of Cyrus, who says that Cyrus was well take[n] care of and the best of medical advise. I am so glad he was well taken care of in his last hours. It will be a great consolation to his family. Roswell will still hear fu[r]ther particular when I write to Memphis Tenn. Laura feels very badly to have him die there alone Yet that is nothing strange in these times of warfare. All that we can ask is that no more of our friends may be taken from us. How many poor soldiers has died alone, forgotten. Not even a deacent burrial granted him. May God protect and comfort all our lonely and dying soldiers. "O Give them Strength and hope in thee"

March 13th We have had a very pleasant day. And plenty of Excitement. Col Farnham and I rode down to Sully Davis Ford three miles from here. We found a beautiful road that is as far as [illegible] and Laurel could make it, But it was very rough for th ground was frozen. And I feel pretty lame tonight We found our picket there some twenty men. They had built there a house of pine boughs, and had a fire on the ground underneath, which must make their eyes suffer, for there was no place for the smoke to go out only at the entrance. I rode up and looked in, and had some talk with the boys. I told them if I stoped long my horse would eat up their house for he helped himself while I stoped. Opposite them on the Rebel side there are Earth works and a fort built by the Enemy. I told the boys I would level that rise of ground whether I had orders to do so or not. They said, Oh we want to save the lives of some of them. I enjoyed my call vey [very] much and I guess they did, for they do not receive ladies calls very often I guess. We returned a different rout[e] from what we passed in going down, only a mile or two back. When we came into camp we found that Mr Atkinson and Hale from Vt & N.H were in camp and would take dinner with us. We had an excellent dinner Wild turkey & plumb pudding. They left soon

after dinner as they were to go to Alexandria to day. While Col. Farnham and I were down at Davis's Ford. The Picket informed us that five Cavalry were taken the Second Picket below them. This Enemy one of the Picket came in and reported that there [their] men had probably been invited over to a Secesh house across the river to play Cards &c and had accepted the invitation and left their post without leave and had probably been taken by the Enemy. As it must have been plened [planned] by the girls beforehand. I hope the men will be satisfied now in trusting Secesh women. Sunday hunting Soon after dinner news came that one of our Cavaly Piket had been shot while reconnoitering south of the Occoquan. Upon this news all the Regts were under Arms all night waiting for the Enemy. I was prepared as usual. And quietly went to bed and sleped nicely and heard nothing of an alarm except two or three [illegible] Kicks which Sounded very much like Musketry. Our Guards say they saw a signal light up at Mr. Fairfax. Two Brothers were in Camp yesterday by that name I hope they will be seen to before long. The news has just come that the Wires Are Cut between here and Union Mills. I hope nothing serious has occured. Col. Farnham is having Inspection this morning. And the wind is blowing very cold. I hope he will not take cold. Mrs. Stearns has just gone to Washington. I guess Stearns

is some alarmed. And there is reason for it, I do wish there was a man to be trusted where in whose home we could remain a few days until the alarm is over. But I think we are safer here than at any Secesh house at present. We are having real March wind. Last night two of our Regt. died, and One other man is not expected to live through the day. His Mother and Father came into Camp last night. They are by his side all of the time. I hope he will be spared them, if not May God prepare him for heaven. O would that all our soldier's were Soldiers of the Cross. of Christ. This would be a successful Army then. I am disappointed in not getting a letter from Mrs. Ormsbee But her brother is very sick, so I think that is a sufficient excuse. Perhaps she may write to day. Yesterday I heard from Hattie & day before from Eekiel [Ezekiel] & Henry I think I enjoy receiving letters out here. And shall know in future how other friends enjoy the same pleasure. Yesterday Capt. Hill, Gen. Stoughton Asistant Adjt. Gen. He is a young Englishman, quite good looking, of a Sandy Complection blue eyes. He said all he was sorry for is that he was not taken with his Staff. That's "The Gen. & Staff. He does not attribute any blame to Gen. Stoughton. Says he was allowed to remain

there with his friends, with the consent of Major Gen. Casey, and the knowledge of Major Gen Heinzelman. If so I do think they were to blame. There is a good deal of feeling on the subject here. He has his friends, as well as his Enemies, In a letter from Stoughton to his friends or Mother. He says he will soon be ex hanged [exchanged], and while there will be well cared for. I think he has too many friends then secesh to suffer much. Hill seemed to feel very indignant about General. Stoughton being taken and having so much blame resting upon him, Yesterday I visited quite a number of soldiers in their quarters who were sick. and mude Gruel & coffee for them and Jelly for Quarter Master Biglow. The [There] is enough to do here for as many as will try to Employ themselves. The Cough Medicin I gave to the boys is doing them good. If I can come again I will bring a supply of Medicin. That is our greatest need, There are so many sick. Our battles are in the hospitals. We always imagine all are fought in the field. But not so, War is continually being fought, May peace come to Our [illegible]. May God in his Mercy settle this conflict soon. to all our Sattisfaction and good.

March 16th We have had rather an uncomfortable day to day. But I have been to visit eight in their quarters. Boys who are in all stages of fear and are sick enough to have all the attentions of home. I have made Gruel and a Fleecy pillow for Capt. Chamberlin. This afternoon I have received a call from Chaplin Brastow, and Brigade Surgeon Ketchum. Had very pleasant calls. Ketchum told us the partic- -ulars of two ladies who were sent to O. C. Prison after Gen. Stoughton was taken. One lady or woman Miss. Antonia Ford at whose house the General made his head quarters was found to possess all the plans of the last Bull Run Battle. She had probably secreted herself where she could hear McDowel's plans that he made with a gentleman from Washington at her fathers house. She also had a map of Fairfax with all our force stationed in their respective places. and all the particulars that our Rebel Cousins would like to know. She had letters from the lady who was taken with her. and was at that time stopping over night with her. She was from Richmond, and had been to Washington for supplies and plans of the Union force.

and was then on the way home. She and Miss Antonia had had a nice time conveying news and goods to Richmond Miss Antonia had a brother in the Rebel Army in Stewarts Cavalry. He has been to Fairfax and visited his friends not long since. At the time Mrs. Capt. Sterling was boarding there. Mrs. Sterling told me she then thought it was so at the time. Then he obtained all the inteligence he wished to. and who could not go to his own fathers and make a visit in Vermont if the Enemy were there. There are so many pig paths here that any man acquainted with the county can go any where among us. pickets ever so thick. The last news we heard was that our men pickets between here and Dumfries were taken by the Rebs. last night. I am surprised at any thing they may do. They are all around us and among us. We know it and allow it as long as they do not take up arms. All secesh in this vicinity are acting as spies at present. We never put a stop to their coming until all the horror they can do is done.

March 17th Today has been pleasant overhead. For five hours we heard cannonading in direction of Fredericksburg We are anxious to hear the result. The firing was very brisk for some time. A deserter says there are over seventy Cavalry rebel within our lines. Col. Farnham has been down nearly to Occequan. He was informed that a Rebel Major and three men were taken within our lines to day. He thinks there are indications that a large force is in this vicinity. I am sorry to hear today that Mrs. Ormsbee is sick with a fever. Her husband has gone into W to get a Furlough to visit her. It is sad for both. Three men have died since last night at the Hospital. I hope we shall have no more deaths. But there are many sick now. I have done something for them to day, but have not visited them any. only Capt Chamberlin, Lieut Benedict is ordered to report at the Station tomorrow morning. I think every day I will go to W. and from there home. Something will turn up soon for the move.

March 20 Morning: Yesterday we had news of Cannonading head [heard] on the 12th. It was probably to cover the crossing of Our Cavaly at Kellys Ford where the[y] crossed in face of the Enemy and had a successful en-counter with their Enemy Lee & Stewart. 2,000 on a side the paper states. They fought with Sabres. We captured a few prisoners and drove the Enemy back. We heard the Artilley for five hours. It was very rapid firing and sounded differenty from practice. So we think most of our Rebel Friends are not very near here. Yesterday an accident occured on the Railroad near Burks Station. Our wood car was impeded by a Mule team. and run off the track killing five men and wounding seven. They were New York men I believe Evening Last night our guard heard some one creeping around in front of our Guns. They ordered him to halt. But he started and ran. They fired but probably the ball took no effect. As he made the best of his legs to the woods. We think that

some of our neighbours secesh were trying to spike the Guns. This is a specimen. of their Loyalety. Col. Farnhm [Farnham] is in Command of the three Regiments as Col. Randal is absent. Mrs. Stearns & I took a walk and called on the Sattler of the 18th. They refused to take pay for our figs & Raisins on the plea that we were the first Ladies that had called on them. They were very happy to see Vermont women. We came back very much refreshed and thought we would call again. Roswell is quite unwell I am worried about him. He will not take any medicine. So I cannot cure him. Dr Bacon Medical Director of General Casey's Division. called here to day. He says we must move as soon as it is dry enough This is nothing news The men are encamped too closely &c. It is getting more healthy here.

March 21st Col. Blunt and Lieut. Benedict was here at dinner We have receivd a dispatch that General Stoughton and the Telegraph Operator is to be in Washington tonight. Perhaps he will come back to his Brigade. It is raining as usual. Tis too bad for our poor boys to be out in all this bad weather. We have had Orderly's two days in sucsession that were College boys. Came out as privates. Denison todays. Orderly said his five weeks sickness in the Hospital took out some of the patriotism of him. Nelson has just come from the Hospital. He says two boys there are very sick: Col. Blunt made a stir in the Hospital about its being so dirty. Just as though there had not been any dirt there before, I do not think it has accumulated all in two weeks time. There would not have been so many there if the Camp had been kept clean all these six weeks. So the Surgeon has ordered the floor to be washed in where our sick boys are. I am fearful for the result. I do hope it will be pleasant weather tomorrow.

March 22d Sunday morning 9o'clock, Last night Col. Farnham put two of the Patrol into our Guard House who came here without the Countesign. At two oclock two men more came up who had no Countersign So every thing in this Mishigan [Michigan] Regt. is conducted in the same way. But while Col. F. retained the patrol here their comrades were taken as I understand from this dispatch sent to Headquarter to Col. A. P. Blint [Blunt]. Sir: The patrol from Mrs. Violets report that the Rebels captured the reserve pickets at Mrs. Violets between three and four this morning. They think that about twenty men were taken. Two were left wounded. Lieut Len and two others escaped by the aid of a colored woman. The rebels then went to Selickmans Form & attacked the picket there & captured some of them. but whether they crossed at that Ford is not known. Before they attack on the house the Rebs. dismounted and tied their horses in the woods, and attacked the house on both sides. It is not known where the Rebs came in

The patrols have not heard from the picket of the eight men at the Occoquan. Sunday Noon. I have been down to the Hospitals. Our boys are all doing well except two who are very sick. I think it is doubtful about their getting well. Would that I could do something for them. They seemed very glad to see me. The Hospital is looking very clean and neat. They think they are well cared for. Capt. G. Chamberlin is much better. Biglow I have not seen. I wish I could do something for our sick. The Sun is shining brightly. Sunday Night Biglow has been over and made us a call. He is looking finely. He called with Perley Downer and staid some time Mr Walker from Co. C. has been in this evening. He is a lawyer and quite intelligent and good looking. He was well acquainted with Cyrus. One thing I did not like in him. He laughs whether talking about serious things, or comic.

March 24th Well! Every day brings its news. First a dispatch to Col. Farnham says Lookout for a camping ground for the 12th fo[r] the 14th. is to report at the Shoals on the 25th So in a short time Lieut Col. Rose of the 14th came up He and the Field officers of the 12th selected a beautiful spot on the hill opposite to our present ground. We have a fine view of the surounding county from this ground. So says the Chaplin Lieut Col Rose is a little black fellow of twenty eight years. I should judge, quite pleasant. While we were discussing the present probability of moving in peeped Col. Blint, who has just come from Union Mills where he has orders to make it his Headquarters with the 15th & 16th Regt's who move there to day. I presume other Regts fill their quarters. Major General Casey is to make his Headquarters at Centerville. The remainder of the Pensslvania Cavalry has moved up to where the twenty Cavlary were taken. So our line is reinforced. Col. Blunt will probably remain with the Brigade. All the boys are for moving

March 25th Last night was quite a startling twlv [twelve] hours to some - but I must say I was not much disturbed. The first news we had was that some twelve Rebel Cavalry were seen. and that the thirteenth r. men tried to capture them but did not suceed. and they had returned and two companies and some fifty Cavalry had gone out to try and capture them. Also Col. Farnham was ordered to put out double pickets, and to have two companies in rediness at daybreak to go out. The men were armed and equipped and started at six and did not return. 'till dinner time They had been some eigthn [eighteen] miles and saw nothing. The Operator intercepted a dispatch to Crl. [Col.] Blunt saying that suspicious persons had been seen enquiring how many troops were left at the station &c. They were a good deal alarmed. As no force had arrived except the Provost Guard. So between the Calls we receivd there was but little tim[e] to sleep If I had been nerveous I should not rested any, but I did not lay awake long. The report is today that the rebels seen were our own men. So much for a Randal Raid. It is raining hard. I do hope we shall not have any alarms tonight

Mrs. Wallace and I took a walk today down below the 13th. We called into the Artist. He wanted us to sit for a picture. Mrs. W. got a good one. but the stove smoked so badly mine was cloudy. So I did not keep it. We saw where the 14th are stationed. It is very near where we are to encamp. a beautiful place it is. The camp of the 14th looked very pretty over on the hillside. They must have suffered for it rained all night And they had but just moved over. Chaplin Stone who went out with the 3d Regt. took tea with us tonight. He is quite a pleasant gentleman Col. Farnham was quite unwell so did not go to the table with us. I think he is glad I am here. If he is not I am. I have received a letter from Cousin May Jan [Mary Jane] Peters to night. She says they are having winter weather there now. I do not wish to go north until it is warm weather. If I am well I shall not go at present. Tomorrow morning I am to get a breakfast for a poor sick boy and some jelly for another in the Hospital. To day. I have made some beef tea.

March 26th Well Rebels again! Col. Blunt telegraphed that the Rebels three thousand Cavalry with Artilery were outside of our lines to night. They staid between Warrenton and New Baltimore last night - they are up to something. We shall hear from them soon. I hope they will not come in our rear. Col. Blunt Leut Benedict &c came down to day and made a flying visit and back again. Col. Blunt seems to enjoy his new position, yet he can not bear to give up his place as Col. He is jealous of everyone. But it does not disturb anybody. Clark and his band came to town tonight. They gave us a Seranade. It was very pleasant to hear music in these wild regions. They will probably remain here at present. I am reading Coopers novels. Hope I shall like them better as I read more of them. But they are so different from Dickens, Thackery, and other favorites I am afraid I shall not appreciate them -

March 28th Yesterday was a beautiful day. I took a short ride on Adjt Vaughan's horse. I was a good afraid. When I came back, or in a short time after. The 13th & 14th beat the Long Roll and all stood in line of battle on the report of a few guns probably some of the Penn boys out hunting rabits. They soon settled down and nothing came of it. Our 12th had a good deal of sport out of it. The Drum Major out with his overcoast & valise in haste saying. He could not stay any longer. He had staid long enough! He was so afraid!! The boys had sport enough out of "Randals Raid" as they called it Col F. was up at Union Mills at the time. When at Drum Parade Mrs Vaughan Mrs Wallace and myself went out to see it as the Band were present. Mr Haten took a Negative of the Regt on parade. I think it a good one. To day it has rained all day. I have been reading making Beef Tea as usual. This Evening Major Kingsly has been in. We have had some pop corn, and I sent some up to the Chaplain. Mrs. Dr Nichols is in camp 13th.

March 30th Col. Blunt was down to our camp yesterday. We have had orders to suround the 12th, 13th, 14th, with earth works So I think they expect the Rebels by this. Any way it will save life if we are actacked [attacked]. I have been out to walk and to ride this afternoon. I went down to the 13th and called upon Mrs Dr Nichols, did not dismount. She said she was coming up after ten. Then Nelson and I rode over to our New Camp and from there home. We had a delightful ride which must last some time for we have only one pleasant day at a time. We found a May flower bed to day. Dr & Mrs Nichols called this evening. We had a very pleasant call. They are from Northfield. I like her much. Shall try and call upon her if I am well. Lieut Col. Cumings of the 16th Regt. took dinner with us to day. Capt Smith & Mrs Brownson called here to day. She goes to Washington to day to start for home. Mrs Smith comes to Virginia this week. I am in hopes to get over my cold so I can ride horseback. So I have not had much time to be lonesome. The Regt have commenced building their earth works I saw their begining while out riding

April 1st Wonderous news. The 13th has orders to move down on the Occaqun [Occoquan] as far as Mrs Violets to do picket duty. I am sorry as I am just beginning to get acquainted with Mrs. Dr Nichols. But if she goes down then I can visit her, and go to Mount Vernon. I may not remain much longer as there are many unpleasant things that may anoy one here. Yet I do not wish to go until the midle of the month. Col. Blunt comes back tomorrow, and makes his Headquarters here. I am for one sorry. It is much pleasanter for us to have him away for various reasons. I have finished Deerslayer by Cooper. The wind has blown like a hurrycane all day until about five o'clock, this Evening. Then Mrs. Wallace and I went down to the 13th Regt. and called upon Mrs. Dr. Nichols, had a very pleasant call. She intends to come up here tomorrow. I hope she will not go home. Capt. Ormsbee has just calld. He returned from Vermont to day. His wife is better which news I am glad to hear.

Apr 2d Our beautiful day is ending with a rain storm. The 13th most of the men moved to day. Col. Blunt has been over with Hooker and selected his ground for his Headquarters. He moves tomorrow bag and baggage. Dr. & Mrs. Nichols took tea with us this evening. We had a pleasant visit from them. Nelson and I have take[n] a long ride over to Mr. Stones around through the old Mishigan [Michigan] Cavalry Camp through our Camp New ground home - a ride of five miles I should think. I hope I will be able to ride tomorrow. As our Regt. moves if we have a pleasant day. We have stirring times moving if it does not amount to much otherwise. Our men are doing over twenty miles picket duty. They are having a hard time How little people know the hardships of soldiers lives. Out rain or snow all night, I pity them. And wish I could do more for them. Our Orderly to day had a bad cough nothing to take.

Apr 3d Nelson and [I] have taken a long ride up to within two miles of Union Mills, and back from Woodyard's Ford on the Picket line. Rather an exciting ride - for we crossed Ravines and rode over places that I never imagined I could go over on horseback. We came into Camp about noon - Found the Camp striking their tents and moving over to our new ground They would take up their tents and inside would come to light all their household furniture and cooking utensils. 'Tis wonderful how each man prises [prizes] every board and nail. I think when I come again I shall bring a stock of nails and other neccessary articles. One ought to live in camp a while in order to appreciate home with its conveniences. We move tomorrow I expect. I am rather tired tonight - but hope to feel better tomorrow. Col. Blunt and Aids have arivd [arrived] in Camp to day. He and Chaplin B. will not be obliged to seperate for one night after this - For one day we have had delightful weather - I hope it will continue.

Apr 5th We have at last got safe in our New Camp. Mrs. Vaughan and I started for Mr Fords to board a day or two but were invited to stop at Dr. Nichols and spend the time there. We had a very pleasant visit considering the wind and snow. This morning we awoke to find 14 inches of snow on the ground. which is very unfavorable weather for moving. Most of the 12th have moved their tents except the sick They will remain for the present till more favorable weather The old ground looked like a deserted village, with a few stragling tents remaining. I felt as though I would have liked to have called and inquired for our remaining friends but Government Ambulance teams wait for no man and of course for no woman. In moving Nelson lost his stove pipe so we are obliged to have our Orderley in our room as there can be but one fire. One would have his head stolen out here if it was not fastened on. We cannot appreciate of how much consequence a short piece of pipe is here in Camp. We have not got settled yet, as to day is Sabbath day and it is very stormy and cold. If this is sunny South I do not fancy such climate.

Apr 7th Nothing of importance has occured for two days. The same disagreeable proportion of mud remains as usual - snow, mud, wind is the regular state of afairs. Col. Farnham has gone to Washington for his subsistance bill. and the Majors. I do dislike to have him come home alone from the District for we have such rascals about us. To day two of our men have died. Poor fellows how little they realised what they came out here for. I saw one only a day before he died. The nourse [nurse] there thought he would live. I little realised that was his last day upon Earth. May God comfort those lone parents at home. How neccessary it is that we live christians every day so to be ready then God calls us to leave this preparatory world, I heard many things yesterday which make me angry with our Surgeon The boys do not get half that is sent them. The well ones help themselves to all they wish, and let the sick take care of themselves. Would that we could do different. It will be different now Surgeon Ketchum is coming.

April 8th All quiet on the Occaquan, except a great display of horsemanship on Government horses. If Uncle Sam will furnish horses. Officers can kill any quantity of them in taking a break neck ride to display their retinue. Fools who have never had power at home like to exercise it on their superiors when subject to their command. And then brag of their abusing their friends - I do hate all Military display especially in men who never were in office before. I intend to go to Alexandria tomorrow to visit Mrs. Worthen. I hardly know whether I shall return to Wolf Run or not

Apr. 10th Did you ever hear the cry of murder uttered in the darkness of night when all are expected to be safe in bed except those who are on Guard in Camp? When you expected the next cry would be from some friend of yours', or yourself. If you never did you cannot realise my feelings last night. Col. F. had just retired in Our front tent while I and Mr. Nichols occupied the back tent when we heard the cry of Murder! Murder we were a good deal startled for it was the first sound of the kind I ever heard. Mrs. Nichols and I hurried on our clothing ready for a walk. A womans voice in such a gloomy place sounds more lonely - And my first thought was that the Rebs had murdered some of our sick who were being taken care of by their female friends and that they had given the alarm - We waited some minutes before we learned the cause of so much disturbance for the guard had all fired off their peices [pieces] and alarmed the camp after hearing the cry of murder

The whole cause of all this disturbance was that three Cavalrymen made a raid upon a Henroost capturing a few chickens and then beat a hasty retreat as soon as one of the girls of the celebrated owners of said hens screamed Murder. We soon found out the whole afair and we returned and had a good nights sleep - The next day Mrs Nichols Vaughan and I went out to see a sham fight of blank Cartiges [cartridges]- And on the sthird day of her stay we had the Generals Ambulance offered us to ride in to go out to see Brigade Guard Mounting and Target practice or practice shooting accross the River Occaguan. We could see the hill burst upon the opposite side sending smoke but could perceive no pieces of shell They were thrown some three hundred yards, we were very near the Guns so the firing seemed very loud to us. One Gentleman of the Battery explained to us the different balls that were thrown. One was the twenty four pounder We reached camp in season for dinner - Then about two o'clock rode out to see Batalion Drill. Lieut Hooker went with us. One of General Stoughton's Aids. He was very

talkative and keped [kept] us a laughing all the time also Dr. Nichols. We went out over the worse road we ever rode over - Trees were laid down in the muddiest places to fill up the holes so the horses would rush through there throwing the Ambulance in every direction frightening Mrs. Vaughan and Nichols so they got out and walked some distance but I concluded I had rather ride. They had a good Drill the first one for two months. We came back to camp a different rout and had a pleasant ride. At tea that Evening two of General's Hientzelman's staff came in with Col. Blunt. Very pleasant fellows both. One was a German. They had been out a year. What such young fellows of no particular Military knowledge can know of our Army I do not know. The Evening we passed as Col. Blunts. These gentlemen were there. The Band gave us some music and we ladies sat upon the hard soffa until it was time to go home. Mrs. Nichols staid with me. Sunday Morning was a delightful morning. It was Inspection day. The Surgeons had on their green sashes and long gloves, looking better than I can sow them. Mrs. N. and I went out and picked some May flowers and called upon Wallace to whom I gave the

flowers. Dr. and Mrs Nichols had the Ambulance at the door ready to leave when the order came to leave or to be in rediness to March by seven o'clock Monday morng [morning] So we ladies were obliged to come away the same afternoon as the Ambulance could not be obtained only on Sunday - as Col Blunt wished to take it along with him if he moved. So we packed and started for Washington by three oclock getting to the station in season to ride down on a extra frieght train to Alexandria the same Evening. We were obliged to carry our bag and baggage through to the Scott house. When we got there we had to go round to the other door, and then were invited into a cold dismal room then our supper was schocking [shocking] and dirty! When we come to go to bed we opened the bed and found three bed bugs at the first view I thought it was rather worse than camp life. We did not sleep any of any consequence - and was happy to see the morning light. We were ready to take the eight o'clock boat for W. While I was there I called upon Mrs. Worthen had a pleasant call, promised to come again.

Wednesday April 16th Yesterday was a beautiful day. Mrs. Col. Sawyer Mrs. Howe Mrs. Nichols and myself visited the Astronomical Observatory But we did not have any glass to look through when we got there. But we had a fine View of Georgetown Heights Soldier's Home and Corcon's Fort and the Army Bridge and the whole city and the Potomac - I am in hopes to go again Today is gloomy and rainy. Report says Our Brigade is transfered to some other division so they will be obliged to go into the field May God preserve them all is my Evening Col. Farnham and Dr Nichols have arrived this Evening I was glad to see them. They intend to remain two nights and we must [illegible] the time - Our Regiment has not moved and do not know when they will. Yet the sick have all been moved to Alexandria and all but three wall tents left for officer and shelter tents for privates all carried to the rear so I think it looks like fighting. Col. Blunt and Benedict came in with husband We ladies heard of our Brigade being transfered two hours after it was changed. So much for living at head of the Nation

Thursday Eve. Dr & Mrs. Nichols Mrs. Stone Col. Farnham and I visited the Smithsonian Institute today. We were well repaid. We saw Birds from every part of the globe Animals Minerals all kinds of implements of warfare both of Savages as well as of civalised [civilized] nations. Chinese ornaments Japanese workmanship. I think it might merit the name of curiosity ship: We came home in the rain and on H after resting went to theater in the evening we saw Booth and Miss Ina. I do not admire Washington theaters. The Building is more like a lecture room than than a theatrical house. The audiance sat in chairs and on benches as they would not be surprised to do at a county sewing school. There was considerable display of shoulder straps and blue cloth - There were four couples of us. We stoped and had some Oysters on the way home. & some wine which was quite refreshing.

Apr. 14th Mrs. Vaughan started for Vermont this morning so Mrs Nichols and myself were left in our loneliness for the present. We have had a beautiful day to day. Mrs. Col. Sawyer Mrs. Howe's Mrs. Nichols and myself have been up to the Observatory from whence we could see the fine view of the City and its surroundings - Fort Corcone the Soldier's Home [illegible] Lee's home which originaly belonged to Washington Custis. The latter is built upon a bluff over looking the Potomac. We were very unfortunate in not having a spy Glass so we will be obliged to go again. Capt. Ormsbee called saying the 12th had not moved yet all the sick and all who are unable to carry a gun and Knapsack are sent to Alexandria, so we think a movement is on the [illegible] of Eve, I receivd a letter from Husband who says he is lonely - but action will soon keep him busy, but I hope he will see no battles. May God protect him and us that he may return to his home again. From our parlor window we saw a man walk the rope some forty feet from the ground Blondin fashion

Apr. 20th Mrs My tent was spared to the last - but when all was ready for the start then came its fall; the pegs were drawn. the canvass shivered, and in less than a minute there was nothing that remained of my genial home but only the pole and a bundle.

F Florence M F Farnham Florence M [illegible]