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Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, January 1 - March 1, 1864
Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, January 1 - March 1, 1864
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    • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
    • Date Created: 1864
    • Description: Mounting political and military tensions between the major powers of Europe serve as the backdrop for this diary: the Second Schleswig War breaks out, four Italians are arrested in Paris for allegedly plotting to kill Napoleon III, and “war fever” whips the rest of Europe into a frenzy. George Perkins Marsh’s brother, Charles, arrives unexpectedly in Turin and settles in with the Marshes for an extended stay. Caroline Crane Marsh closely follows the decline and death of the Marchesa Doria and Barone Giovanni Plana, two of her earliest acquaintances in Italy. The Marshes attend public lectures with their friends, and Caroline Crane Marsh collects autographs from the lecturers and other famous Italians for the U.S. Sanitary Fairs. Topics in this diary include the Count of Cavour, death and funerary practices in Italy, etiquette, the theory of evolution, women and marriage in the nineteenth century, Catholicism in Italy, the royal family of Savoy, and nineteenth-century British authors, including Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Charles Lamb.
    • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
    Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, September 23 - December 21, 1864
    Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, September 23 - December 21, 1864
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      • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
      • Date Created: 1864
      • Description: The Italian ministry dissolves and reforms in this diary amid countrywide protests against the September Convention treaty and debates over proposed bills for the suppression of monasteries and tax hikes on salt and other goods. The Marshes acquire the lower floors of the Casa d’Angennes during this period and the offices of the American Legation move into those rooms shortly after. Caroline Crane Marsh continues collecting items for the U.S. Sanitary Fairs and has an audience with the Duchess of Genoa. Topics in this diary include Italian law enforcement, slavery in the United States, differences between Turin and Florence, Italian art, Italian grief and funerary practices, convents, Italian medicine, relations between the Italian social classes, crime in Italy, political relations between Italy, France, and Rome; Catholicism, marriage, traveling and tourism in Russia, the Greek War of Independence, and the royal family of Savoy.
      • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
      Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, March 8 - May 14, 1862
      Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, March 8 - May 14, 1862
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        • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
        • Date Created: 1862
        • Description: The threat of war between Italy and Austria, increasing opposition to Urbano Rattazzi and the new ministry, and new negotiations between France, Rome, and the Italian government regarding the “Roman Question” serve as the backdrop for the events in this diary. The Marshes receive a visit from sculptor Hiram Powers and his family, and Green Clay arrives to replace Romaine Dillon as Secretary of the U.S. Legation, serving George Perkins Marsh alongside Marsh’s Italian secretary, Giuseppe Artoni. George Perkins Marsh completes the manuscript for his latest book, The Origin and History of the English Language, and resumes working on Man and Nature: or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. Throughout this diary, the Marshes take sightseeing drives in and around Turin, visiting Moncalieri, the gardens at Valentino Palace, Stupenigi, Franchetti Villa, Madonna di Campagna, and Venaria Reale, among other places. Topics in this diary include Rome and the Pope, Catholicism and the prejudice against Protestantism in Italy, Princess Maria Pia, the behavior and politics of Italian royalty and elites, court etiquette in Italy and the Ottoman Empire, labor practices in Italian agriculture, education and health in rural Italy, diplomatic relations between Italians and “Northern” countries, the role of women in marriage and society in the 19th century, spiritualism, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Bettino Ricasoli, and Harriet Beecher Stowe.
        • Parent Collections: Vermont Diaries, Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries
        Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, January 1 - April 7, 1863
        Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, January 1 - April 7, 1863
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          • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
          • Date Created: 1863
          • Description: Troubles within the Church of England, the Polish Revolution, and widespread dissatisfaction with the Italian government and King Victor Emmanuel serve as the backdrop for the events in this diary. After a little more sightseeing in and around Pegli, the Marshes head to Piobesi and move into the Castello di Piobesi Torinese for the summer. Topics in this diary include Protestantism in Italy, crime in Italy, acquiring and occupying real estate in Italy, music and performance in Italy, the climate and culture in Piobesi, Italian elite’s attitudes towards liberalism, Italian social etiquette, tourism and hospitality in Italy, women’s education and occupations in the 19th century, and Italian and international attitudes towards the United States and the American Civil War.
          • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
          Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, January 1 - March 7, 1862
          Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, January 1 - March 7, 1862
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            • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
            • Date Created: 1862
            • Description: The international political climate remains unsettled in this diary: political unrest continues across Europe and war seems imminent between England and the United States in the wake of the Trent Affair. The Italian political scene, however, becomes quite turbulent during the period: demonstrations in favor of national unification break out across Italy, the Italian ministry is dissolved, Bettino Ricasoli steps down, and Urbano Rattazzi becomes the new prime minister. Throughout all of this, the Marshes stay in Turin and continue to meet Italian elites and foreign nationals, including Rosa Arbesser, governess to Princess Margherita of Savoy. They also renew their acquaintance with Hungarian exile Lajos Kossuth and his family. The Marshes attend several political and social gatherings during this period and play their part in the Doria-Benedetti feud, “the social revolt against France” by the Torinese elites. Topics in this diary include the status and problems of Italian women, the role of women in marriage and society in the 19th century, Italian marriages and the influence of the Catholic church on marriage, education in Italy, the etiquette of Italian royalty and elites, Catholicism, and the celebration of Carnival in Italy.
            • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
            Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, April 8 - June 14, 1863
            Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, April 8 - June 14, 1863
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              • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
              • Date Created: 1863
              • Description: The Marshes explore Piobesi Castle and its gardens in this diary. George Perkins Marsh commutes from the castle to Turin to attend to diplomatic business and meets for a second time with King Victor Emmanuel. Caroline Crane Marsh continues to receive updates on the latest battles in the American Civil War, as well as the rising tensions between England and the U.S., France’s interference in Mexican affairs, and the “doings” of Richard M. Blatchford and J.C. Hooker in Rome. Topics in this diary include funerary practices in Italy, Catholicism and religious celebrations in Italy, the everyday experiences of the Italian peasantry, Italian marital norms, the behavior and treatment of women in Italy versus the United States, Italian medical practices, Italian agriculture, relations between the elites of Naples and those of Savoy, Turin court life and etiquette, and life as an expatriate in Italy.
              • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
              Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, October 1 - December 31, 1861
              Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, October 1 - December 31, 1861
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                • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
                • Date Created: 1861
                • Description: Political unrest across Europe, the Trent Affair, and accusations of French interference in Italian politics serve as the backdrop for the events in this diary. The Marshes continue to meet Italian elites and politicians, including the Duchess of Genoa, the Marchesa Doria, and Carlo Poerio, and befriend various diplomats and expatriates in Turin, including the Pulszkys, the Benedettis, and Mrs. Stanley. The Marshes travel to Florence to attend the National Exposition, and George Perkins Marsh takes part in two royal hunting excursions at Racconigi and Stupinigi. Topics in this diary include Rome, the Pope, and Catholicism; Victor Emmanuel, Giuseppe Garibaldi and Italian nationalism, the treatment of Garibaldian soldiers by the Italian government, rural industry and the everyday lives of Italian peasants, the behavior and manners of Italians, especially Italian women; relations between the Italian social classes, the American Civil War, especially slavery and foreign enlistment; the Suez Canal, and spiritualism.
                • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
                Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, November 1 - December 31, 1863
                Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, November 1 - December 31, 1863
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                  • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
                  • Date Created: 1863
                  • Description: The Marshes and their friends speculate on the likelihood of a “European” war breaking out in the spring, following the death of the King of Denmark and years of tense relations between France, Italy, and their neighbors. After months of tense negotiations with their Torinese landlady, the Countess Ghirardi, the Marshes finally move back into the Casa d’Angennes. Once there, Caroline Crane Marsh begins hosting dance lessons for her niece Carrie and others her age in the neighborhood, befriending the Countess Gigliuicci (Clara Novello) at the first lesson. George Perkins Marsh attends another royal hunting trip to Racconigi and begins attending public lectures in Turin. Topics in this diary including renting and occupying real estate in Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi, medical care in Italy, charity work in Italy, Italian funerary practices, English politics and diplomacy, reading habits in the nineteenth century, nineteenth-century attitudes towards Jews, Wallachia (Romania), Catholicism, etiquette, the Suez Canal, and the Taiping Rebellion.
                  • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
                  Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, May 6, 1864 - September 22, 1864
                  Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, May 6, 1864 - September 22, 1864
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                    • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
                    • Date Created: 1864
                    • Description: Negotiations between Italy and France regarding the “Roman Question” and the placement of Italy’s capital spark violent protests in the streets of Turin. The Marshes go on several trips in this diary, visiting nearby landmarks as well as hiking into the Alps. Between trips, the Marshes gather the latest news on the American Civil War, including the details of the Battle of the Wilderness, and receive visits from the Estcourts and American diplomat David H. Wheeler, among others. Topics in this diary include the September Convention, Italian art and patronage, tourism in Italy, Italian funerary practices, relations between the Italian social classes, King Victor Emmanuel and the royal family of Savoy, the treatment of women in Italy, the Italian silk industry, George Perkins Marsh’s diplomatic duties, Greek War of Independence, differences in behavior and manners between Americans and Europeans, and the death of Nathaniel Hawthorne. This diary covers several topics relating to religion, as well, including Catholic royal marriages, convents and religious orders, conversion, and French Protestants.
                    • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries
                    Miniature of Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, December 23, 1864 - February 21, 1865
                    Caroline Crane Marsh Diary, December 23, 1864 - February 21, 1865
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                      • Creator: Marsh, Caroline Crane, 1816-1901.
                      • Date Created: 1864-1865
                      • Description: This six-page diary records the Marshes’ final days in Turin and their move to Florence in 1865. Topics in this diary include King Victor Emmanuel, Italian art and music, and tourism in Italy.
                      • Parent Collections: Caroline Crane Marsh Diaries, Vermont Diaries