Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection

The Women’s Suffrage in Vermont Collection documents Vermonters’ efforts to obtain voting rights for women. With contributions from the Vermont State Archives and Records Administration, the Leahy Library at the Vermont Historical Society, and Silver Special Collections at the University of Vermont, the collection focuses on the period from 1870 to 1920. The Women’s Suffrage in Vermont Collection include VESA annual meeting reports and correspondence, legislation, promotional materials such as broadsides and leaflets, and photographs. HISTORY In 1870, the Vermont Council of Censors proposed an amendment to the state constitution calling for full suffrage for women. A group of men formed the Vermont Woman Suffrage Association to support the amendment, which failed by a vote of 231 to 1 at the constitutional convention. Ten years later, taxpaying women did obtain the right to vote and hold office in school districts. The Vermont Woman Suffrage Association (VWSA) reorganized in 1884 and focused on achieving woman suffrage in municipal elections by introducing voting rights legislation, advocating in newspapers, and holding meetings and rallies with local and national speakers. The VWSA, which became the Vermont Equal Suffrage Association (VESA) in 1907, worked closely with the American Woman Suffrage Association, later the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Anti-suffragists formed the Vermont Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage in 1912, and by 1917, when the Vermont legislature passed a law that allowed taxpaying women to vote in local elections, the organization claimed over 5,000 members. VESA continued to push for full suffrage, and came close in 1919 when the legislature passed a bill allowing women to vote in presidential elections. Governor Clement refused to sign the bill, and the House of Representatives upheld his veto. After Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919, VESA members campaigned vigorously to have the legislature consider state ratification, but Governor Clement refused to call a special session and the amendment was ratified in 1920 without Vermont’s support. With the right to vote obtained, VESA dissolved and the new Vermont League of Women Voters took on the task of educating Vermont women about civic responsibilities. FURTHER READING Clifford, Deborah P. The Drive for Women's Municipal Suffrage in Vermont 1883-1917. Vermont History 47, no. 3 (1979): 173-190. Clifford, Deborah P. An Invasion of Strong-Minded Women: The Newspapers and the Woman Suffrage Campaign in Vermont in 1870. Vermont History 43, no. 1 (1975): 1-19.

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73 1919
Miniature of Frances E. Rastall Wyman to Annette Watson Parmelee
Frances E. Rastall Wyman to Annette Watson Parmelee
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    • Date Created: 1919-10-27
    • Description: Wyman explains to Parmelee the succession of presidents of the VESA between 1913 and 1915.
    • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
    Miniature of Lillian H. Olzendam to Ashley Joseph Goss
    Lillian H. Olzendam to Ashley Joseph Goss
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      • Date Created: 1919-10-30
      • Description: Olzendam asks again for the signature of Representative Goss of Danville calling for a special session.
      • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
      Miniature of Melvin G. Morse to Annette W. Parmelee
      Melvin G. Morse to Annette W. Parmelee
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        • Date Created: 1919-12-10
        • Description: Morse, librarian of the Legislative Reference Bureau, sends Parmelee copies of women-related legislation introduced in 1919, and states "there were no bills introduced in 1900 except the ones which I sent you with the other list."
        • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
        Miniature of Annette W. Parmelee to Henry C. Tinkham
        Annette W. Parmelee to Henry C. Tinkham
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          • Date Created: 1919-12-10
          • Description: Parmelee asks Dr. Tinkham at the University of Vermont if women are given equal advantages with men at the College of Medicine, and why, if it is true that as of 1818 women were granted admission to the Vermont Medical Society, that women are unaware of this and seek their medical education out of state.
          • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
          Miniature of Ira A. Belknap to Lillian H. Olzendam
          Ira A. Belknap to Lillian H. Olzendam
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            • Date Created: 1919-10-23
            • Description: Representative Belknap of Cavendish responds that he is not in favor of a special legislative session for ratification. [Response is written on bottom of original request from Olzendam]
            • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
            Miniature of Charles H. Parmelee to Lillian H. Olzendam
            Charles H. Parmelee to Lillian H. Olzendam
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              • Date Created: 1919-10-24
              • Description: Representative Parmelee of Wilmington replies that he is sympathetic to equal suffrage but does not believe the Governor is warranted in calling a special session for that purpose.
              • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
              Miniature of Marshall E. Calkins to Lillian H. Olzendam
              Marshall E. Calkins to Lillian H. Olzendam
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                • Date Created: 1919-10-25
                • Description: Representative Calkins of Westmore responds that he is not in favor of a special session without recompence for the legislators, and feels that "when the women pay a poll tax and take the freeman oath then they should have equal rights with man." [Written on back of blank petition form sent originally from Olzendam]
                • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
                Miniature of Annette W. Parmelee to Ida H. Harper
                Annette W. Parmelee to Ida H. Harper
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                  • Date Created: 1919-11-21
                  • Description: Parmelee writes Mrs. Ida Harper of New York City that she had just finished writing fifty pages for the suffrage history when she received Harper‚Äôs suggestions, and that she will do a rewrite after other obligations have been completed.
                  • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
                  Miniature of Lillian H. Olzendam to Robert Haley
                  Lillian H. Olzendam to Robert Haley
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                    • Date Created: 1919-12-16
                    • Description: Olzendam asks Robert Haley of Bennington to consider working with Washington County Senator Howland to speak with the Governor about calling a special session for ratification; his fellow townsman, John Spargo, has already agreed to be part of such a delegation, and the VESA would pay the cost of the visit.
                    • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection
                    Miniature of Lillian H. Olzendam to Collins Millard Graves
                    Lillian H. Olzendam to Collins Millard Graves
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                      • Date Created: 1919-12-20
                      • Description: Olzendam replies to Collins Graves of Bennington that she hoped he, Mr. Haley, and Mr. Spargo ‚Äúwould perhaps form a delegation to call collectively upon the Governor."
                      • Parent Collections: Women's Suffrage in Vermont Collection